Cerium boride 2024-04-20
Cerium boride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CeB6, which is composed of cerium and boron elements. Cerium boride has various applications, especially in the fields of electronics and materials science. Its relative atomic mass is also an important parameter that plays an important role in research and application. Cerium hexaboride (CeB6) is a cathode material with extremely high electron emissivity due to its lower work function. It is more resistant to carbon pollution and has a longer lifespan than lanthanum boride cathodes. It is widely used in fields such as electron microscopy, microwave tubes, electron beam etching, electron beam welding, X-ray tubes, and free electron lasers. Cerium hexaboride crystals have been successfully applied in desktop scanning electron microscopes, becoming excellent and stable filament materials.
Silver paste for photovoltaic auxiliary materials 2024-04-13
Photovoltaic silver paste is mainly composed of high-purity silver powder, glass oxides, and organic carriers, and is mainly used to estimate the current generated by the front and back electrodes of photovoltaic cells and silicon-based photovoltaics.
Vanadium 2024-03-02
In 1801, Mexican mineralogist A.M. DelRio discovered a new element while studying brown lead ore. Its chemical properties were similar to chromium and uranium, and its salts turned red when heated in acid. Therefore, it was named "erythronium", meaning "red element", but later it was mistaken for alkaline lead chromate. In 1831, Swedish chemist N.G. Sefstrom discovered a new element while smelting pig iron, which had beautiful and colorful compounds. He named it Vanadium after the Swedish goddess Vanadius. Vanadium was used as a coloring agent in 1860. In 1867, British chemist H.E. Roscoe reduced VCl with hydrogen to obtain the first pure silver gray metallic vanadium powder. In 1869, France studied the use of vanadium as an alloying agent in the production of armor steel plates. In 1896, vanadium was used as a special steel additive in Europe. Vanadium was used as a catalyst in 1870. Vanadium containing alloy steel was used as a raw material in the automotive industry around 1905. In 1927, J.W. Marden and M.N. Rich in the United States produced industrial metal vanadium using an electric furnace calcium thermal reduction method.
The uses and application fields of rare earths 2024-02-07
Rare earth elements are known as "industrial vitamins" and have irreplaceable excellent magnetic, optical, and electrical properties. They play a huge role in improving product performance, increasing product variety, and improving production efficiency. Due to its importanteffect and low usage, rare earths have become an important element in improving product structure, increasing technological content, and promoting industry technological progress. They are widely used in fields such as metallurgy, military, petrochemicals, glass ceramics, agriculture, and new materials.
The role of rare earth catalytic materials in automotive exhaust purification 2022-01-12
At present, the catalysts widely developed and applied in automobile exhaust purification abroad are basically composed of platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh) and other precious metals. At present, the commonly used platinum rhodium-based precious metal ternary catalysts mainly purify HC and CO through the oxidation of Pt, and purify NOx through the reduction of Rh. Although the catalyst has the advantages of high activity, good purification effect and long life, but the cost is also high, especially the Pt, Rh and other resources are limited. In order to alleviate the contradiction between the supply and demand of Pt, especially Rh, palladium (Pd), which is relatively cheap, has been widely used, and catalysts composed of Pt, Rh and Pd as well as palladium catalysts have been developed
Lanthanum hexaborate (LaB6) 2024-03-22
Application of titanium diboride in boron carbide ceramics 2024-02-05
Boron carbide, also known as black (diamond), is the third hard material after diamond and cubic boron nitride, so it has become an important member of the superhard material family. As a new type of non-oxide ceramic material, boron carbide is widely used in energy, military, nuclear and bulletproof fields because of its high melting point, high hardness, low density, good thermal stability, strong chemical corrosion resistance and neutron absorption ability. Boron carbide bulletproof material has been widely used in individual body armor, bulletproof armor, armored helicopter armor web and police, civilian special vehicles and other protection fields. At present, boron carbide bulletproof materials are mainly prepared by sintering method. In the sintering process of pure boron carbide, there are usually problems such as high sintering temperature required for densification, low density of sintered ceramics and poor fracture toughness.
Application of metal vanadium in nickel-vanadium targets 2024-02-05
Nickel-vanadium sputtering target is in the process of preparing nickel-vanadium alloy, adding vanadium to the nickel melt, so that the prepared alloy is more conducive to magnetron sputtering, combining the advantages of nickel sputtering target and vanadium sputtering target. With the progress of society and the development of semiconductor industry, the demand for nickel-vanadium targets in electronics and information, integrated circuits, displays and other industries is increasing.
The application of titanium hydride in aluminum foam 2024-02-05
Aluminum foam is a new type of composite material with a wide range of application prospects. It not only has the excellent performance of high solid metal strength and good thermal conductivity, but also has the characteristics of damping, sound insulation and heat insulation due to its internal distribution of porosity structure. Its excellent performance has attracted the attention of many scientific and technological researchers at home and abroad. In the preparation method of aluminum foam, because the preparation process of melt foaming method is simple and the preparation cost is relatively low, it is more promising to realize large-scale industrial production. Aluminum foam has been used in aerospace, automotive and military industries.
AFM: MXene hydrogel skin sensor for intelligent human-machine interface and photothermal therapy 2024-02-04
The skin sensor based on conductive hydrogel is widely considered as a personalized health care prospect to bridge the gap between human and machine. However, achieving high levels at the same time remains challenging. Based on the sensitivity of hydrogel, wide sensing range and reliable cycle stability, it can be used for the skin sensor of ultra sensitive human-machine interface, as well as excellent anti swelling ability and near-infrared (NIR) light triggered dissociation and drug release, which can achieve further intelligent on-demand photothermal treatment.
Current situation and prospects of the non-ferrous metal industry: price increases, trade deficit continues to expand 2024-02-04
1、 Development environment: continuously introducing favorable policies to promote industry development All metals except iron, chromium, and manganese are called non-ferrous metals, which can be divided into light metals, heavy metals, precious metals, semimetals, and rare metals. Non ferrous metals are the fundamental materials for the development of the national economy. The upstream of the non-ferrous metal industry chain is mainly the mining of mineral resources, while the midstream of the industry chain is mainly the smelting and processing of non-ferrous metals. Currently, the integration level of China's smelting and processing end is relatively high, and the downstream of the industry chain is infrastructure construction, mechanical manufacturing, etc. 2、 Development status: Affected by the environment, prices have risen According to data released by the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, the production of ten common non-ferrous metals in China has shown an increasing trend year by year, driven by lower end demand and increased consumption, with a relatively high growth rate. The production of ten commonly used non-ferrous metals in 2022 was 67.936 million tons, an increase of 4.90% compared to the same period in 2021. In the first quarter of 2022, copper prices reached a historic high, but in the second quarter, prices rebounded due to the impact of the Federal Reserve's interest rate hike. In 2022, the annual average spot price of copper in China was 67470 yuan/ton, a decrease of 1.5% compared to the same period last year. The average annual spot price of aluminum in China in 2022 was 20006 yuan/ton, an increase of 5.6% compared to the previous year. The growth rate of China's non-ferrous metal import and export trade has accelerated in the past two years. According to customs statistics, the total amount of non-ferrous metal import and export trade in 2022 was 327.33 billion US dollars, an increase of 20.2% compared to the previous year. 3、 Enterprise landscape: fierce competition and high downstream pressure in the industry At present, the overall characteristic of competition in China's non-ferrous metal industry is fierce competition, with high downstream pressure on the industry chain. Due to the monopoly of some scarce metals by the state, there are fewer enterprises that can participate in competition, and the barriers to entry into the industry are relatively high. From the perspective of existing competitors in most segmented industries, the non-ferrous metal industry has strong resource characteristics, with a large number of non-ferrous metal enterprises distributed in resource intensive areas. In addition, China has a large reserve of copper, aluminum and other metal resources, which also encourages a large number of enterprises that mainly engage in related non-ferrous metal processing and smelting. 4、 Development trend: Green and intelligent reform, promoting industrial upgrading With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the non-ferrous metal industry will increasingly focus on sustainable development and environmental protection. Traditional non-ferrous metal production is often accompanied by a large amount of energy consumption and environmental pollution, but now more and more enterprises are adopting clean production technology to reduce energy consumption and waste emissions. With technological innovation, recycling non-ferrous metals from waste such as electronic devices and vehicles has become more feasible. Recycling not only helps to reduce environmental burden, but also reduces dependence on raw ores. Digital technology has had a huge impact in various fields, and the non-ferrous metal industry is no exception. The application of intelligent manufacturing and Internet of Things technology can improve production efficiency, reduce production costs, and achieve precise control of the production process. The non-ferrous metal industry has a high degree of internationalization, and global market fluctuations and policy changes can have an impact on the industry. International cooperation and supply chain optimization will help reduce risks and jointly address market challenges. Through cooperation methods such as technological exchange and resource sharing, enterprises can better adapt to market changes.
Preparation and properties of Ti (C, N) based ceramic composites by hot pressing sintering 2024-02-04
Titanium carbide nitride (Ti (C, N)) based ceramic composites were prepared by hot pressing sintering process. The fracture and surface morphology of the samples were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Don't observe, the mechanical properties were tested and its antioxidant performance was studied. The research results show that the microstructure, morphology, and density of the sample's fracture surface are high, and the number of pores is high.Few, with clear grain boundaries and small grain size. The fracture path of the crack is clear and uneven, and there are both transgranular and transgranular fracture modes. The mechanical properties are: bending strength 1255 MPa, fracture toughness 8.3 MPa · m1/2, Vickers hardness 11.9 GPa, relative density 98.7%. After oxidation for 2 hours under the set temperature conditions, no oxidation was formed at 750 ℃. Membrane layer; At 900 ℃, the oxide film formed on the surface of the sample has no protective effect on the substrate; At 1150 ℃, a dense protective layer was formed on the surface of the sample, which had a protective effect on the matrix. The thickness of the oxide film layer and intermediate transition layer is approximately 73.81 μ m. And the thickness of the intermediate transition layer is about 18.57 μ M.
